SCREEN HOUSE AND FIELD INVESTIGATIONS OF Arbuscular mycorrhiza AND ORGANIC FERTILIZER FOR THE CONTROL OF THE ROOT – KNOT NEMATODE, Meloidogyne incognita INFECTING COWPEA IN SOUTH WESTERN, NIGERIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51406/jagse.v10i1.1035Keywords:
Biological control, Root – knot nematode, Mycorrhiza, Organic amendment, cowpea, Meloidogyne incognita, Glomus mosseaeAbstract
This study was undertaken to determine the potential of individual and combined effects of Glomusmosseae, a mycorrhiza fungus and organic fertilizer for the management of Meloidogyne incognita, aroot knot nematode infection of cowpea (IT90K-277-2) under Screen house and field conditions. Thestandardised method of evaluating crop germplasm for resistance to M. incognita including crop yieldwas employed. M. incognita caused significant reduction in the yield components of the cowpea varietyboth in the screen house and under field conditions. Single and combined treatments of Glomusmosseae and organic fertilizer significantly increased the pod weight, grain yield and number of podsper plant of cowpea plants as compared to nematode infected plants. Single treatments of Glomusmosseae and organic fertilizer significantly suppressed root galling; inhibited nematode reproductionand nematode population both in the screen house and under field conditions. The mixture of G.mosseae and organic fertilizer as a treatment was more effective than individual treatments in suppressionof M. incognita. This study shows that G. mosseae has potential in the management of Rootknot nematodes of cowpea and should be exploited with organic fertilizer serving as a viable carrier inNigeria.References
Adesiyan, S.O., Caveness, F.E., Adeniji,
M.O., Fawole, B. 1990. Nematode pests of
tropical crops. Heinemann Educational Books
(Nigeria) Limited, Ibadan, 114pp.
Amer, Z., Zaki, M.J. 2002. Use of Pasteura
penetrans with nematicides to the control of
root knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica on
chick – pea. International Chickpea and
Pigeonpea Newsletter, 9: 26 – 29.
Atayese, M.O., Awotoye, O.O.,
Osonubi, O., Mulongoy, K. 1993. Comparisons
of the influence of vesicular – Arbuscular
mycorrhiza on the productivity of
hedgerow woody legumes and cassava at
the top and the base of a hill slope in alley
cropping systems biology and fertility of
soils. Mycorrhiza. Springer – verlag
16: 198-204.
Boultler, D., Fvans, L.M., Thompson,
A., Yardwood, A. 1975. The amino acid
composition of Vigna unguiculata meal in
relation to nutrition. In: Proceedings of
Symposium on Nutritional Improvement of
Food Legumes by Breeding, edited by
Miller M. 3 – 5 July, 1975, United Nations
Protein Advisory Group, New York, USA.
Carling, D.E., Roncadori, R.W.,
Hussey, R.S. 1996. Interactions of Arbuscular
mycorrhizae, Meloidogyne arenaria and
phosphorus fertilization on peanut. Mycorrhiza,
6: 9 – 13.
Caswell, E.P., Tang, C., De Frank, J.,
Apt, W.J. 1991. The influence of root exudates
Chloris gayana and Targetes patula on Rotylenchulus
reniformis. Revue de Nematotologie,
14: 581- 587.
Caveness, F.E. 1992. Nematological Research
at IITA. A summary of investigation
conducted between 1969 and 1988 (eds) J.
Lowe. Plant health management Research
monograph. 17-19 pp.
Cheng, J., Abowl, G.S., Zuckerman, B.M.
2000. Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis, Paecilomyces
marquandi and Streptomyces costaricanas
with and without organic amendments
against Meloidogyne hapla infecting lettuce.
Journal of Nematology, 32: 70 – 77.
Cheng, Y.H., Chuang, M.F., Tsay, T.T.
2001. Interactions of vesicular – Arbuscular
mycorrhizal fungus with root-knot nematode
in musk melon. Plant-pathology Bulletin
2001, 10: 1 19-26ppchoud hury, B.C 1981.
root-not problem on various crop plant in
Bangladesh. Proceeding as the 3rd Research
planning conference on root-knot nematodes
Meloidogyne species. Region vi, July 20-
24. Jakarta: 142-145.
Daniels, B.A., Skipper, H.D. 1982. Methods
for the recovery and quantitative estimation
of propagules from soil. In: N.C.
Schenks (ed.). Methods and principles of
mycorrhizal Research. The American Phytopathological
Society, St. Paul, Minnesota, pp
29-35.
Doncaster, C.C. 1962. A counting dish for
nematodes. Nematologia, 7: 334-336.
Egunjobi, O.A.1985. Effects of cocoa pod
husks soil amendment on cowpea infestation
by Meloidogyne spp. Pakistan journal of Nematol-Rodriguez-kabana, R., Morgan-Jones,
G., Chen, I. 1987. Biological control of
nematodes, soil amendments and microbial
antagonists. Plant and Soil., 100: 237-247.
Rodriguez-kabana, R.R., Bocule, D.,
Young, R.W. 1990. Chitinous material
from blue crab for control of root-knot
nematode. Nematropica, 20(2): 153-168.
Sankaranarayanan, C., Rajeswani –
Sundarababi, Sindarababu, R. 2001. influence
of moisture and PIA on the efficiency
of VA- mycorrhiza , Glomus mosseae
(Nicol and Gard) Gerd & Trappe against
Meloidogyne incognita (kofoid and white) Chitwoood.
On blackgraw (Vigna mungo L.)
Hepper. Journal of Biological Control.,
15:1, 69-72.
Sasser, J.N., Carter, C.C., Hartman,
K.M. 1984. Standardization of host suitability
studies and reporting of resistance to
root-knot nematodes. A cooperative publication
of the Dept. of plant pathology.
North Carolina state University and
USAID.
Stroebel, N.E., Hussey, R.H., Rancadori,
R.W. 1992. Interactions of vesicular-Arbuscular mycorrhiza/fungi Meloidogyne incognita,
and soil fertility on peach. Phytopathology,
72: 690-694.
Talavera, M., Iton, K., Mizukubo, T.
2001. Reduction of nematode damage by
root colonization with Arbuscular mycorrhiza
(Glomus spp). In tomato-Meloidogyne
incognita. Applied. Entomology and zoology,
36(3): 387-392.
Whitehead, A.G., Hemming, J.R. 1965. A
comparison of some quantitative methods of
extracting small vermiform nematodes from
soil. Annals of Applied Biology, 55: 25-38.
Youssef, M.M.A., Wafaa, M.A., El-
Nagdi, Abi El-Fattah, A.I. 2008. Efficacy
of chicken compost, Bacillus thuringiensis and
Pseudomonas fluorescens for biocontrol of Meloidogyne
incognita infecting sugar beet in Egypt.
International Journal of Nematology, 18(1): 35-40.
Zaki, F.A., Bhatti, D.S. 1990. Effect of
castor (Ricinus communis) and the biocontrol
fungus Paecilomyces lilianus on Meloidogyne
javanica. Nematologica, 35: 114- 122.
M.O., Fawole, B. 1990. Nematode pests of
tropical crops. Heinemann Educational Books
(Nigeria) Limited, Ibadan, 114pp.
Amer, Z., Zaki, M.J. 2002. Use of Pasteura
penetrans with nematicides to the control of
root knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica on
chick – pea. International Chickpea and
Pigeonpea Newsletter, 9: 26 – 29.
Atayese, M.O., Awotoye, O.O.,
Osonubi, O., Mulongoy, K. 1993. Comparisons
of the influence of vesicular – Arbuscular
mycorrhiza on the productivity of
hedgerow woody legumes and cassava at
the top and the base of a hill slope in alley
cropping systems biology and fertility of
soils. Mycorrhiza. Springer – verlag
16: 198-204.
Boultler, D., Fvans, L.M., Thompson,
A., Yardwood, A. 1975. The amino acid
composition of Vigna unguiculata meal in
relation to nutrition. In: Proceedings of
Symposium on Nutritional Improvement of
Food Legumes by Breeding, edited by
Miller M. 3 – 5 July, 1975, United Nations
Protein Advisory Group, New York, USA.
Carling, D.E., Roncadori, R.W.,
Hussey, R.S. 1996. Interactions of Arbuscular
mycorrhizae, Meloidogyne arenaria and
phosphorus fertilization on peanut. Mycorrhiza,
6: 9 – 13.
Caswell, E.P., Tang, C., De Frank, J.,
Apt, W.J. 1991. The influence of root exudates
Chloris gayana and Targetes patula on Rotylenchulus
reniformis. Revue de Nematotologie,
14: 581- 587.
Caveness, F.E. 1992. Nematological Research
at IITA. A summary of investigation
conducted between 1969 and 1988 (eds) J.
Lowe. Plant health management Research
monograph. 17-19 pp.
Cheng, J., Abowl, G.S., Zuckerman, B.M.
2000. Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis, Paecilomyces
marquandi and Streptomyces costaricanas
with and without organic amendments
against Meloidogyne hapla infecting lettuce.
Journal of Nematology, 32: 70 – 77.
Cheng, Y.H., Chuang, M.F., Tsay, T.T.
2001. Interactions of vesicular – Arbuscular
mycorrhizal fungus with root-knot nematode
in musk melon. Plant-pathology Bulletin
2001, 10: 1 19-26ppchoud hury, B.C 1981.
root-not problem on various crop plant in
Bangladesh. Proceeding as the 3rd Research
planning conference on root-knot nematodes
Meloidogyne species. Region vi, July 20-
24. Jakarta: 142-145.
Daniels, B.A., Skipper, H.D. 1982. Methods
for the recovery and quantitative estimation
of propagules from soil. In: N.C.
Schenks (ed.). Methods and principles of
mycorrhizal Research. The American Phytopathological
Society, St. Paul, Minnesota, pp
29-35.
Doncaster, C.C. 1962. A counting dish for
nematodes. Nematologia, 7: 334-336.
Egunjobi, O.A.1985. Effects of cocoa pod
husks soil amendment on cowpea infestation
by Meloidogyne spp. Pakistan journal of Nematol-Rodriguez-kabana, R., Morgan-Jones,
G., Chen, I. 1987. Biological control of
nematodes, soil amendments and microbial
antagonists. Plant and Soil., 100: 237-247.
Rodriguez-kabana, R.R., Bocule, D.,
Young, R.W. 1990. Chitinous material
from blue crab for control of root-knot
nematode. Nematropica, 20(2): 153-168.
Sankaranarayanan, C., Rajeswani –
Sundarababi, Sindarababu, R. 2001. influence
of moisture and PIA on the efficiency
of VA- mycorrhiza , Glomus mosseae
(Nicol and Gard) Gerd & Trappe against
Meloidogyne incognita (kofoid and white) Chitwoood.
On blackgraw (Vigna mungo L.)
Hepper. Journal of Biological Control.,
15:1, 69-72.
Sasser, J.N., Carter, C.C., Hartman,
K.M. 1984. Standardization of host suitability
studies and reporting of resistance to
root-knot nematodes. A cooperative publication
of the Dept. of plant pathology.
North Carolina state University and
USAID.
Stroebel, N.E., Hussey, R.H., Rancadori,
R.W. 1992. Interactions of vesicular-Arbuscular mycorrhiza/fungi Meloidogyne incognita,
and soil fertility on peach. Phytopathology,
72: 690-694.
Talavera, M., Iton, K., Mizukubo, T.
2001. Reduction of nematode damage by
root colonization with Arbuscular mycorrhiza
(Glomus spp). In tomato-Meloidogyne
incognita. Applied. Entomology and zoology,
36(3): 387-392.
Whitehead, A.G., Hemming, J.R. 1965. A
comparison of some quantitative methods of
extracting small vermiform nematodes from
soil. Annals of Applied Biology, 55: 25-38.
Youssef, M.M.A., Wafaa, M.A., El-
Nagdi, Abi El-Fattah, A.I. 2008. Efficacy
of chicken compost, Bacillus thuringiensis and
Pseudomonas fluorescens for biocontrol of Meloidogyne
incognita infecting sugar beet in Egypt.
International Journal of Nematology, 18(1): 35-40.
Zaki, F.A., Bhatti, D.S. 1990. Effect of
castor (Ricinus communis) and the biocontrol
fungus Paecilomyces lilianus on Meloidogyne
javanica. Nematologica, 35: 114- 122.
Downloads
Issue
Section
Original Manuscript
