USE OF FERMENTED CASSAVA, PALM KERNEL CAKE AND DRIED BREWERS’ GRAINS TO PRODUCE MAIZEFREE LOW-COST DIETS FOR LAYING HENS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51406/jagse.v14i1.1235Abstract
An experiment was carried out to determine the performance of laying hens fed maize-free diets based on combinations of fermented cassava tuber meal (FCMT), palm kernel cake (PKC) and dried brewers’ grains (DBG) as source of energy. Diet I (control) contained maize as the main source ofenergy while diets 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 contained FCTM, PKC and DBG at percentages of 30, 20, 20; 35, 15, 20; 35, 20, 15; 25, 20, 25 and 25, 25 and 20, respectively, completely eliminating maize. Each diet was fed to a group of 24 laying hens for 12 weeks, using completely randomized design (CRD). The
layers on the maize-free diets tended to consume more feed than those on the control diet. The group on diet 3 (35%: 15%: 20%) recorded significantly (P<0.05) higher hen-day egg production (69.50%) than those on the other diets. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in egg weights. The
group on the control diet and that on diet 3 recorded significantly (P<0.05) superior feed conversion ratios. Haugh unit of the eggs from diet 4 was significantly (P<0.05) higher than the others. Diets 3 recorded the lowest feed cost of egg production with the value of N178.67 per kg eggs as against N210.25 per kg eggs from the control. The results of the trial have shown that fermented cassava tuber meal, palm kernel cake and dried brewers’ grains can be used to produce maize-fee low-cost
diets for laying hens if properly combined.
References
AOAC. 1995. Association of Official Analytical
Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis,
17th ed., Washington DC.
Bradbury, M.E., Egan, S.V., Bradbury,
J.H. 1995. Picrate paper Kit for determination
of total cyanogens in cassava roots and
all cyanogens in cassava products. Journal
Science Food Agriculture, 79: 595 - 601.
Brant, A.W., Otte, A.V., Norris, K.H.
1951. Recommended standards for scoring
and measuring opened egg quality. Food
Technology, 5: 350 -361.
Enyenihi, G.E., Udedibie, A.B.I., Akpan,
M.J., Obasi, O.L., Solomon, I.P.
2009. Effects of 5-hour wetting of sundried
cassava tuber meal on HCN content
and dietary value of the meal for laying
hens. Asian Journal Animal and Veterinary.
Advance, 4(6): 326 - 331.
FAO 2005. Food and Agricultural Organization
of the United Nations Statistics
(FAOSTAT database P. ID 567).
Funk, E.N. 1948. The relation of the yolk
index determination in the natural position
to the yolk as determined by separating the
yolk from the albumen. Poultry Science 27:
367.
Haugh, R.R. 1937. The Haugh unit for
measuring egg quality. US Poultry Management,
3: 552 - 555.
Heiman, V., Carver, T.S. 1936. The albumen
index as a physical measurement of egg
quality. Poultry Science 15: 141 - 148.
Kingsell, L.T., Prentice, N., Linsey, S.E.
1979. Protein and fibre enrichment of cookies
with brewers’ spent grains. Cereal Chemistry
56: 261 - 268.
Meremikwu, V.A. 2009. Determination of
the efficiency of compensation growth in
production of heavy broilers. PhD Thesis,
Federal University of Technology., Owerri-
Nigeria.
Odukwe, C.A. 1994. The feeding value of
composite cassava root meal for broiler
chickens. PhD Thesis, University of Nigeria,
Nsukka, Nigeria.
Okeke, G.C., Obioha, F.C., Udogu, A.E.
1985. Comparison of detoxification methods
for cassava-borne cyanide. Nutrition. Reports
International, 32 (1): 139 - 147.
Oluyemi, J.A., Roberts, F.A. 2000. Poultry
Production in the Warm Wet Climate. Spectrum
Bks. Ltd., Ibadan-Nigeria, pp. 147 - 165.
Onwudike, O.C. 1988. Palm kernel meal as
a feed for poultry. 4: use of palm kernel meal
by laying birds. Animal Feed Science & Technology,
20: 279 - 286.
Sayre, R. 2007. Transgenic strategies for
reducing cyanogens levels in cassava foods.
Cassava Cyanide Diseases Network News,
7: 1 - 2.
Singh, K.S. 1988. Poultry Nutrition. Kalyani
Publishers, New Delhi, pp. 270 - 271.
Snedecor, G.W., Cohran, W.G. 1984.
Statistical Methods. The Iowa State University
Press, Ames Iowa, 6th Ed.
Steel, R.G.D., Torrie, J.C. 1980. Principles
and Procedures of Statistics. McGraw-
Hill book Co. Inc. New York.
Udedibie, A.B.I. 1984. Brewers’ dried
grains as feedstuff for milk production.
Journal Animal Production Resources, 4(1): 43 -
55.
Udedibie, A.B.I. 2003. In Search of Food:
FUTO and the Nutritional Challenge of Canavalia
Seeds. 6th Inaugural Lecture, Federal University
of Technology, Owerri - Nigeria.
Udedibie, A.B.I., Anyaegbu, B.C., Onyechekwa,
G.C., Egbuokporo, O.C. 2004.
Effects of feeding different levels of fermented
and unfermented cassava tuber
meals on performance of broilers. Nigerian
Journal of Animal Production, 31: 211 - 219.
Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis,
17th ed., Washington DC.
Bradbury, M.E., Egan, S.V., Bradbury,
J.H. 1995. Picrate paper Kit for determination
of total cyanogens in cassava roots and
all cyanogens in cassava products. Journal
Science Food Agriculture, 79: 595 - 601.
Brant, A.W., Otte, A.V., Norris, K.H.
1951. Recommended standards for scoring
and measuring opened egg quality. Food
Technology, 5: 350 -361.
Enyenihi, G.E., Udedibie, A.B.I., Akpan,
M.J., Obasi, O.L., Solomon, I.P.
2009. Effects of 5-hour wetting of sundried
cassava tuber meal on HCN content
and dietary value of the meal for laying
hens. Asian Journal Animal and Veterinary.
Advance, 4(6): 326 - 331.
FAO 2005. Food and Agricultural Organization
of the United Nations Statistics
(FAOSTAT database P. ID 567).
Funk, E.N. 1948. The relation of the yolk
index determination in the natural position
to the yolk as determined by separating the
yolk from the albumen. Poultry Science 27:
367.
Haugh, R.R. 1937. The Haugh unit for
measuring egg quality. US Poultry Management,
3: 552 - 555.
Heiman, V., Carver, T.S. 1936. The albumen
index as a physical measurement of egg
quality. Poultry Science 15: 141 - 148.
Kingsell, L.T., Prentice, N., Linsey, S.E.
1979. Protein and fibre enrichment of cookies
with brewers’ spent grains. Cereal Chemistry
56: 261 - 268.
Meremikwu, V.A. 2009. Determination of
the efficiency of compensation growth in
production of heavy broilers. PhD Thesis,
Federal University of Technology., Owerri-
Nigeria.
Odukwe, C.A. 1994. The feeding value of
composite cassava root meal for broiler
chickens. PhD Thesis, University of Nigeria,
Nsukka, Nigeria.
Okeke, G.C., Obioha, F.C., Udogu, A.E.
1985. Comparison of detoxification methods
for cassava-borne cyanide. Nutrition. Reports
International, 32 (1): 139 - 147.
Oluyemi, J.A., Roberts, F.A. 2000. Poultry
Production in the Warm Wet Climate. Spectrum
Bks. Ltd., Ibadan-Nigeria, pp. 147 - 165.
Onwudike, O.C. 1988. Palm kernel meal as
a feed for poultry. 4: use of palm kernel meal
by laying birds. Animal Feed Science & Technology,
20: 279 - 286.
Sayre, R. 2007. Transgenic strategies for
reducing cyanogens levels in cassava foods.
Cassava Cyanide Diseases Network News,
7: 1 - 2.
Singh, K.S. 1988. Poultry Nutrition. Kalyani
Publishers, New Delhi, pp. 270 - 271.
Snedecor, G.W., Cohran, W.G. 1984.
Statistical Methods. The Iowa State University
Press, Ames Iowa, 6th Ed.
Steel, R.G.D., Torrie, J.C. 1980. Principles
and Procedures of Statistics. McGraw-
Hill book Co. Inc. New York.
Udedibie, A.B.I. 1984. Brewers’ dried
grains as feedstuff for milk production.
Journal Animal Production Resources, 4(1): 43 -
55.
Udedibie, A.B.I. 2003. In Search of Food:
FUTO and the Nutritional Challenge of Canavalia
Seeds. 6th Inaugural Lecture, Federal University
of Technology, Owerri - Nigeria.
Udedibie, A.B.I., Anyaegbu, B.C., Onyechekwa,
G.C., Egbuokporo, O.C. 2004.
Effects of feeding different levels of fermented
and unfermented cassava tuber
meals on performance of broilers. Nigerian
Journal of Animal Production, 31: 211 - 219.
