CONVECTIVE THIN-LAYER DRYING AND REWETTING CHARACTERISTICS OF SESAME SEED
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51406/jnset.v10i2.1408Keywords:
Sesame seed, Artificial drying, Thin layer, Modeling, Regression, RewettingAbstract
Fundamental information on drying and re-wetting characteristics of agricultural seeds is required in the design and aeration systems as well as in the prediction of drying rate using various mathematical models. Thin-layer drying experiments were conducted using air-ventilated oven to simulate the artificial drying and rewetting processes of sesame seed (6.9 to 18.2% w.b) at three drying temperatures of 40, 50 and 60oC. Five drying models were applied to the thin-layer data. The Page equation fitted the data best after comparing the determination of coefficient (R2), the standard error of moisture content (SEM) and mean relative percent error (e) between the experimental and predicted values. The drying rate of sesame seed under drying and rewetting conditions increased with increased temperature of drying( 40 to 60oC) and initial moisture content of seed( 6.9, 11.5 and 18.2% w.b). The parameters K and n of the page model was related to the drying temperature and moisture content by two empirical expressions of Page equation for predicting moisture ratio. The coefficient of determination (R2) for parameters K and n were 0.95 and 0.87 respectively. The effective diffusivity was found to be 2.32 x 10-11 m2s-1.
References
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Young, J.F., Whitaker, T.R., Blankershy, P.D., Brusenitz, G.I.T., Troeger, J.M., Stees, J.L., Person, N.K. 1982. Effect of oven drying time on peanut moisture determination. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 25(2): 491 – 495.
Akpinar, E.K., Bicer, Y. 2006. Mathematical modeling and experimental study on thin-layer drying of strawberry. International Journal of Food Engineering, 2(1): 1 – 17.
Akpinar, E.K., Bicer, Y., Midilli, A. 2003. Modeling and experimental study on drying of apple slices in a convective cyclone dryer. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 26(6): 515 – 541.
Bakker-Arkema, F.W., Maier, D.E., Schisler, I.P. 1980. Drying rates and drying capacities of different seed grains. Drying Technology, 5(4): 527-540.
Basunia, M.A., Abe, T. 2001. Thin-layer solar drying characteristics of rough rice under natural convention. Journal of Food Engineering, 47: 295 – 301.
Crank J. 1975. The mathematics of diffusion. London, Oxford University Press, UK.
Dairo, O.U. 2010. In-situ production of biodiesel from raw castor-bean seed using a batch processor. Unpublished P.hD thesis, Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta. Nigeria. 277pp
Datafit Oakdale. 2008. Data fit version 9.05 Oakdale Engineering, Oakdale, PA 15070, USA.
Doulia, D., Tizia, K., Gekas, G. 2000. A knowledge base for apparent mass diffusivity (Deff) of Foods: physical properties of food database. Available at http://www.nelfood.com. Accessed September 20, 2009.
Doymaz, I. 2004. Convective air drying characteristics of thin layer carrots. Journal of Food Engineering, 61: 359 – 364.
Doymaz, I. 2005. Drying behaviour of green beans. Journal of Food Engineering, 69: 161 – 165.
Ertekin, C., Yaldiz, O. 2004. Drying of eggplant and selection of a suitable thin layer drying model. Journal of Food Engineering 63: 349 – 359.
Gaston, A.L., Abalone, R.M., Giner, S.A., Bruce, D.M. 2004. Effect of modeling assumptions on the effective water diffusivity in wheat. Biosystems Eng., 88(2): 175-185.
Guine, R.P.F., Fernandes, R.M.C. 2006. Analysis of the drying kinetics of chestnuts. Journal of Food Engineering, 76: 460-467.
Hii C.L., Law C.L., Cloke, M. 2008. Modelling of thin layer drying kinetics of cocoa beans during artificial and natural drying. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 3(1): 1 – 10.
Jayas, D.S., Cenkowski, S., Pabis, S., Muir, W.E. 1991. Review of thin layer drying and rewetting equations. Drying Technology, 9: 551-558.
Kajuna, S.T.A.R., Silayo, V.C.K., Mkenda, A., Makungu, P.J.J. 2001. Thin-layer drying of diced cassava roots. African Journal of Science and Technology: Science and Engineering Series, 2(2): 94 – 100.
Karim, M.A., Hawlader, M.N.A. 2005. Drying characteristics of banana: Theoretical and experimental validation. Journal of Food Engineering, 70: 35 – 45.
Kashaninejad, M., Mortazavi, A., Safekordi, A., Tabil, L.G. 2007. Thin-layer drying characteristics and modeling of pistachio nuts. Journal of Food Engineering, 78: 98 – 108.
Khazaei, J. 2008. Natural drying characteristics of sesame seeds. Cercetări Agronomice în Moldova, XLI(3): 135
Khazaei, J., Daneshmandi, S. 2007. Modeling of thin-layer drying kinetics of sesame seeds: mathematical and neural networks modeling. Int. Agrophysics, 21: 335-348.
Madamba, P. S., Driscoll, R. H., Buckle, K.A. 1996. The thin layer drying characteristics of garlic slices. Journal of Food Engineering, 29: 75 – 97.
Midilli, A., Kucuk, H., Yapar, Z.A. 2002. New model for single-layer drying. Drying Technology, 20(7): 1503 – 1513.
Misra, M.K., Brooker, D.B. 1980. Thin layer drying and rewetting equations for shelled yellow corn. Transactions of the ASAE 23: 1254-1260.
Pabis, S., Jayas, D.S., Cenkowski, S. 1998. Grain Drying: Theory and Practice. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Panchariya, P.C., Popovic, D., Sharma, A.L. 2002. Thin-layer modeling of black tea drying process. Journal of Food Engineering, 52: 349 – 357.
Parti, M. 1993. Selection of mathematical models for drying grain in thin-layers. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 54: 339-352.
Sacilik, K. 2007. Effect of drying methods on thin-layer drying haracteristics of hull-less seed pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.). Journal of Food Engineering, 79(1): 23-30.
Sobukola, O.P., Dairo, O.U. 2007. Modeling drying kinetics of fever leaves(ocimen viride) in a convective hot air drier. Nigerian Food Journal, 25(1): 145 – 153.
Sobukola O.P, Dairo, O.U., Sanni, L.O., Odunewu, A.V., Fafiolu, B.O. 2007. Thinlayer drying process of some leafy vegetables under open sun drying. Food science and Technology International, 13(1): 35 – 40.
Tabatabaee, R., Jayas, D.S., White, N.D.G. 2004. Thin-layer drying and rewetting characteristics of buckwheat. Canadian Biosystems Engineering, 46(3): 19 – 24.
Verma, L.R., Bucklin, R.A., Endan, J.B., Wratten, F.T. 1985. Effects of drying air parameters on rice drying models. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 28: 296-301.
Weiss, E.A. 1983. Oil seed crops, Tropical Agriculture Series. Longman. 31-53pp.
Young, J.F., Whitaker, T.R., Blankershy, P.D., Brusenitz, G.I.T., Troeger, J.M., Stees, J.L., Person, N.K. 1982. Effect of oven drying time on peanut moisture determination. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 25(2): 491 – 495.
