MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF EXTENDED SPECTRUM BETA LACTAMASES AND RESISTANCE TO GENTAMICIN AND QUINOLONES IN GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIAL ISOLATES OF PERIPLANETA AMERICANA (COCKROACHES)
Keywords:
Gram negative bacteria, Gentamicin, Quinolones, Periplaneta americana (cockroaches)Abstract
The close association of cockroaches with man in his environment is a threat to public
health due to their potential in the transmission of multi-drug resistant infectious
agents. This study was therefore conducted to detect the presence of extendedspectrum
beta lactamases (ESBLs) in Gram negative bacterial isolates of cockroaches.
Two hundred cockroaches were randomly collected (200) and analyzed at the
microbiology laboratory, Olabisi Onabanjo University. Isolated bacteria were tested for
antibiotic susceptibility against eight clinically relevant antibiotics and Double Disc
Synergy Test (DDST) for the confirmation of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase
(ESBL) production. Existence of genes encoding ESBL production were identified
using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 363 bacteria (208 (57) from the
external surfaces and (155 (43) from the gut environment were recovered from the
analyzed cockroaches. Twenty-six (26) of the forty (40) phenotypically confirmed ESBL
organisms showed discrete amplification with the molecular technique. All isolates
showed elevated trend of multi-drug resistance to the tested antibiotics with 12=46.2%,
11=42.3% and 3=11.5% of the 26 Gram negative isolates harboring one, two and three
ESBL genes, respectively. The sulfhydryl variable (SHV) gene was the most significant
with a percentage distribution of 69.2% of the total ESBL alleles suggesting cockroach
as a vector for enteric bacterial infections. Findings also affirmed the reduced
susceptibility of all the isolates to both gentamicin and quinolone antibiotics.
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