EFFECTS OF LOW AND ELEVATED SODIUM ION CONCENTRATIONS ON ACETONE-BUTANOL- ETHANOL (ABE) FERMENTATION AND BIOHYDRO- GEN PRODUCTION FROM WASTE FIG ( Ficus carica)
Keywords:
Acetone, Butanol, Ethanol, Waste, Fig, Biohydrogen, Sodium concentrationAbstract
The positive role of sodium on Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE) fermentation, most especially in the
improvement of butanol concentration has been documented. The role of sodium in inhibiting biohy-
drogen production has also been reported. This research therefore focused on the role of low and
elevated sodium concentrations on ABE fermentation since ABE fermentation and biohydrogen pro-
duction share a common biochemical pathway. Waste fig (Ficus carica) was pretreated via microwav-
ing hydrolysis. Optimum pretreatment conditions were particle diameter (370 μm), pH (4.96), power
(250W) and treatment period (50 mins) with maximum sugar concentration of 82 g/L obtained. Hydro-
lyzed fig was fermented at low (20 – 100 mg/L) and high (500 – 2000 mg/L) sodium concentrations. A
control experiment was conducted. Highest acetone, butanol and ethanol concentrations of 11.63,
6.28 and 2.18 g/L were recorded at 60 mg/L, 60 mg/L and 20 mg/L, respectively. Highest cumulative
hydrogen was observed at 40 mg/L (681.84 ml). Results obtained from elevated concentrations were
similar to that of the control experiments. This showed that elevated sodium concentration may not be
needed when considering fermentation media supplementation with sodium in ABE fermentation stud-
ies.
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