PREVALENCE AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OF EXTENDED-SPECTRUM ß-LACTAMASE-PRODUCING Klebsiella pneumoniae IN SMALLHOLDER POULTRY FARMS IN ABEOKUTA, NIGERIA
Keywords:
Microbial resistance; occurrence; ß-lactamase; Klebsiella pneumonia; poultry farmingAbstract
Food-producing animals like poultry have been identified as potential sources of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESβL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence and spread of ESβL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae among ten (10) smallholder poultry farms in Abeokuta Metropolis, Ogun State, Nigeria. Antimicrobial-resistant profiles, phenotypic characterizations, and spread of chicken cloacal swab sample isolates were studied. Isolation and characterization of ESβL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae were done using standard microbiological techniques. Standard antimicrobial discs, cefoxitin, vancomycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, amoxiclav, ceftazidime, streptomycin, cefotaxime, trimethoprim, and gentamicin were used for resistant profiling using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. In total, one hundred (100) samples were collected, and overall, 22% Klebsiella pneumoniae and 45% of ESβL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were recorded. Among these, ESβL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from Adigbe (50%), Onikolobo (33%), Ogun State television area (40%), Ajegunle (67%) and Somorin (25%). ESβL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae was detected using a double disc synergy test, determined between cefotaxime (30 mg) disc alone and combined with clavulanic acid (30:10 mg) at a 15mm distance apart. Antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that among the antibiotics used, cefoxitin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (31.8 % resistance) were most effective against the Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, while tetracycline (81.8%) and Cefoxtamine (63.6%) were the least effective antibiotics against the isolates. All ESβL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates recorded a multiple antibiotic-resistant index value of 0.5 to 0.8, thus further demonstrating that they are all multidrug-resistant. Findings have suggested the presence and spread of ESβL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae between smallholder poultry farms and farm handlers in Abeokuta. These findings present a significant public health concern. Coordinated efforts that emphasize antimicrobial stewardship must be implemented to mitigate this problem.
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