COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF HAEMOCYTE FROM TWO SPECIES OF GIANT AFRICAN LAND SNAILS (Archachatina marginata AND Achatina achatina)

Authors

  • J. A. ABIONA
  • P. A. AKINDUTI
  • P. A. OYEKUNLE
  • O. A. OSINOWO
  • O. M. ONAGBESAN

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51406/jagse.v13i1.1206

Keywords:

Giant African land snails, haemocytes and cytoplasm types.

Abstract

A study was conducted to evaluate the presence and types of haemocytes inherent in haemolymph of two species of giant African land snails (Archachatina marginata and Achatina achatina). Haemolymph samples were obtained from three liveweight groups of snails (< 100 g, 101-150 g and >150 g) after removal of the first three whorls of the shell. Smears were made from thin layer of settled portion of the haemolymph after six hours. Staining was carried out after air drying at room temperature with MayGrünwald-Giemsa stain.  Four replicates per liveweight per species were used. Representative slides were selected after viewing under microscope. Dimensions of haemocytes identified were taken followed by photomicrograph. Results showed that four haemocyte types were present in the haemolymph of both species. Those haemocytes identified in Archachatina marginata had significantly (P<0.001) higher dimensions than those found in Achatina achatina. Morphologically, the haemocytes were different in terms of shapes, nucleus position and cytoplasm types. It can therefore be concluded from this study that four circulating haemocytes types are present in both Archachatina marginata and Achatina achatina. Furthermore, in terms of dimension, Archachatina marginata had higher values compared to Achatina achatina. Also, morphologically, those four haemocyte types are different from each other in both specie of giant African land snails.

 

References

Abiona, J. A., Akinduti, P. A., Oyekunle, M., Osinowo, A. O., Onagbesan, O. M. 2012. Comparative evaluation of haemagglutination potential of haemolymph from two species of giant African land snails using erythrocytes from cattle, sheep, goat and chicken. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science and the Association of Veterinary Teaching and Research Work. 3 (1): 107.

Adema, C. M., van Deutekom-Meulder, E. C., van der Knaap, W. P. W., Sminia, T. 1993. NADPH-oxidase activity: the probable source of reactive oxygen intermediate generation in haemocytes of the gastropod Lymnaea stagnalis. J. Leukoc. Biol. 54: 379-383.

Barraco, M. A., Steil, A.A., Gargioni, R. 1993. Morphological characterization of the haemocytes of the pulmonate snail Biomphalaria tenagophila. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 88: 73-83.

Bezerra, F. S. M., Nogueira-Machado, J. Á., Chaves, M. M., Martins, R. L., Coelho, P. M. Z. 1997. Quantification of the number and phagocytary activity of haemocytes of resistant and susceptible strains of Biomphalaria glabrata and Biomphalaria tenagophila infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo 39: 197-201.

Canesi, L., Gavioli, M., Pruzzo, C., Gallo, G. 2002. Bacteria-haemocyte interactions and phagocytosis in marine bivalves. Microsc Res Tech 57: 469-476.

Cheng, T. C. 1975. Functional morphology and biochemistry of molluscan phagocytes. Am. N. J. Aca. Sci. 266: 343-379.

Cheng, T. C. 1981. Bivalves. In: Ratcliffe, N. A. Rowley A E (eds.), Invertebrate blood cells, Vol. II, Academic Press, London, Pp. 233-300.

Delgado, V., Barrios, E. E., Bujanda, A. Araque, W. 2001. Surface morphology and characteristics of haemocytes of Biomphalaria glabrata (Pulmonata: Planorbidare from two geographic sources. Gene 34 (3): 114 -118.

Dikkeboom, R., Tijnagel, J. M., Mulder, E. C. van der Knaap, W. P. W. 1987. Haemocytes of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis generate reactive forms of oxygen. J. Invert. Path. 49: 321-331.

Fagbuaro, O., Mosuro, A. A., Bakare, A. A., Odaibo, A. B. 2002. Cytological studies of Archachatina marginata and Achatina species from south Western Nigeria. J. of Tropical Vet. 20(2): 306-310.

Google Earth, 2010. http://www.google.earth

Fujita, T. 2002. Evolution of the lectin-complement pathway and its role in innate immunity. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2:346-353.

Imler, J. L., Hoffmann, J. A. 2000. Signaling mechanisms in the antimicrobial host defense of Drosophila. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 3: 16-22.

Iwanaga, S., Morita, T., Harada, T., Niwa, M., Takada, K., Kimura, T., Sakakibara, S.1978. Chromogenic substrates for horseshoe crab clotting enzyme. Its application for the assay of bacterial endotoxins. Haemostasis 7: 183-188.

Iwasaki, A., Medzhitov, R. 2004. Toll-like receptor control of the adaptive immune responses. Nature Immunology, 5(10): 987-995

Johnston, L. A., Yoshino, T. P. 2001. Larval Schistosoma mansoni excretory-secretory glycoproteins (ESPs) bind to haemocytes of Biomphalaria glabrata (Gastropoda) via surface carbohydrate binding receptors. J Parasitol. 87: 786-793.

Judith, G., Belly, M., Robbert, A. W. 2007. Biology of humans, concepts, application and issue. Pearson international Edition, Second edition, Upper Saddle River publisher, NJ07458. Pp. 198-203.

Krutzik, S. R., Sieling, P. A., Modlin, R. L. 2001. The role of Toll-like receptors in host defense against microbial infection. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 13: 104-108.

Kumazagua, N. H., Morimoto, N., Tanigawa, T. 1991. Morphology and activity of lysosomal enzymes in haemocytes of a brackish-water clam, Corbicula japonica. Venus Jpn. J. Malac. 50: 211-217.
Lemaitre, B., Nicolas, E., Michaut, L., Reichhart, J. M., Hoffmann, J. A. 1996. The dorsoventral regulatory gene cassette spätzle/Toll/cactus controls the potent antifungal response in Drosophila adults. Cell, 86: 973-983.

Matricon-Gondran, M. 1990. The site of ultrafiltration in the kidney sac of the pulmonate gastropod Biomphalaria glabrata. Tissue Cell., 22: 911-923.

Matricon-Gondran, M., Letorcart, M. 1999. Internal defenses of the snail Biomphalaria Glabrata I. Characterization of haemocytes and fixed phagocytes. J Invertebr. Pathol. 74: 224-234.

Nadya, V. I., Tania, G. S., Alexander, M. G. 2006. Rediae of echinostomatid and heterophyid trematodes suppress phagocytosis of haemocytes in Littorina littorea (Gastropoda:Prosobranchia). Experimental Parasitology 113: 24-29.

Prieur, G., Mevel, G., Nicolas, J. L., Plusqellect, A., Vigneulle, M. 1990. Interactions between bivalve mollusks and bacteria in the marine environment. Oceanogr Mar Biol Annual Rev 28: 277-352.

Richards, C. S., Renwrantz, L. R. 1991. Two lectins on the surface of Helix pomatia haemocytes: Ca2+ dependent, GalNac-specific lectin and a Ca2+ independent, mannose 6-phosphate-specific lectin which recognizes activated homologous opsonins. J. Comp Physiol. 161: 43.

Suresh, K., Mohandas , A. 1990. Number and types of haemocytes in Sunetta scripta and Villorita cyprinoids var. cochinensis (Bivalvia), and leukocytosis subsequent to bacterial challenge. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 55: 312-318.

Downloads

Published

2015-07-06

Issue

Section

Original Manuscript

Most read articles by the same author(s)